President Reagan’s speech about the Challenger, January 28, 1986

Today is a day for mourning and remembering.  Nancy and I are pained to the core over the tragedy of the shuttle Challenger.  We know we share this pain with all of the people of our country.  This is truly a national loss.  Nineteen years ago, almost to the day, we lost three astronauts in a terrible accident on the ground.  But we’ve never lost an astronaut in flight.  We’d never had a tragedy like this.  And perhaps we’ve forgotten the courage it took for the crew of the shuttle.  But they, the Challenger 7, were aware of the dangers and overcame them and did their jobs brilliantly.  We mourn seven heroes.  We mourn their loss as a nation together.  To the families of the seven, we cannot bear as you do the full impact of this tragedy. But we feel the loss and we’re thinking about you so very much.  Your loved ones were daring and brave and they had that special grace, that special spirit that says, “Give me a challenge and I’ll meet it with joy.” They had a hunger to explore the universe and discover its truths.  They wished to serve, and they did. They served all of us.  We’ve grown used to wonders in this century.  It’s hard to dazzle us.  But for 25 years, the United States space program has been doing just that.  We’ve grown used to the idea of space and perhaps we forget that we’ve only just begun.  We’re still pioneers.  They, the members of the Challenger crew, were pioneers.  And I want to say something to the school children of America who were watching the live coverage of the shuttle’s takeoff.  I know it’s hard to understand, but sometimes painful things like this happen.  It’s all part of the process of exploration and discovery.  It’s all part of taking a chance and expanding man’s horizons.  The future doesn’t belong to the fainthearted.  It belongs to the brave.  The Challenger crew was pulling us into the future, and we’ll continue to follow them.  I’ve always had great faith in and respect for our space program.  And what happened today does nothing to diminish it.  We don’t hide our space program.  We don’t keep secrets and cover things up.  We do it all up front and in public.  That’s the way freedom is, and we wouldn’t change it for a minute.  We’ll continue our quest in space.  There will be more shuttle flights, and more shuttle crews and yes, more volunteers, more civilians, more teachers in space. Nothing ends here. Our hopes and our journeys continue.  I want to add that I wish I could talk to every man and woman who works for NASA or who worked on this mission and tell them, “Your dedication and professionalism have moved and impressed us for decades and we know of your anguish. We share it.”  There’s a coincidence today. On this day 390 years ago, the great explorer Sir Francis Drake died aboard ship off the coast of Panama. In his lifetime, the great frontiers were the oceans and a historian later said, “He lived by the sea, died on it and was buried in it.” Well, today, we can say of the Challenger crew, their dedication was, like Drake’s complete.  The crew of the space shuttle honored us by the manner in which they lived their lives.  We will never forget them nor the last time we saw them, this morning, as they prepared for their journey and waved goodbye, and slipped the surly bonds of earth to touch the face of God.”

Do you remember this speech of Ronald Reagan?

The disaster of the Space Shuttle Challenger in January, 1986

The first fatal accident involving an American spacecraft while in flight took place on January 28, 1986.  The Space Shuttle Challenger (STS-51-L) broke apart 73 seconds into its flight, just before noon on the East coast, killing all seven crew members aboard, disintegrating 46,000 feet above the Atlantic Ocean, off the coast of Cape Canaveral, Florida.  This mission was the 10th flight for the orbiter and the 25th flight of the Space Shuttle fleet.  On this flight was schoolteacher Christa McAuliffe, who was under the Teacher in Space Project.  I know that my wife Margaret was devasted, since she had her junior high students watching it on TV as it happened.  The cause of this disaster was the failure of the primary and secondary O-ring seals in a joint in the right Space Shuttle Solid Rocket Booster.  The crew compartment, containing human remains, was recovered from the ocean floor after a three-month search and recovery operation.  President Ronald Reagan created the Rogers Commission to investigate this accident. The commission criticized NASA’s organizational culture and decision-making processes that had contributed to the accident.  The cold temperature in the joint had prevented the O-rings from creating a seal.  The USA House Committee on Science and Technology also investigated the Challenger disaster, and released a report on October 29, 1986.  The Space Shuttle fleet was grounded for two years and eight months, a 32-month hiatus in the Space Shuttle program, while the program underwent investigation, redesign, and restructuring.  There have many TV shows, films, and documentaries about this disaster.  President Ronald Reagan had been scheduled to give the 1986 State of the Union Address on January 28, 1986, the evening of the Challenger disaster.  After a discussion with his aides, Reagan postponed the State of the Union, and instead addressed the nation about the disaster from the Oval Office in a beautiful speech.  Do you remember the space disaster Challenger?

Television in 1985

VH-1 launched on January 1, 1985, aimed at an older demographic than MTV, expanding the music video landscape.  The following channels began: The Nostalgia Channel, The Discovery Channel, CNN International, Financial News Network, Prime Ticket, and Universal Pictures Debut Network.  The 2,000th episode of Sesame Street was broadcast.  Norman Lear sold his Tandem Productions to the Coca-Cola Company for $485 million.  The World Wrestling Federation (now WWE) telecast WrestleMania successfully to select pay-per-view areas.  News Corporation and 20th Century Fox Film Corporation announced their intent on purchasing Metromedia’s television stations and Metromedia Producers Corp. for $3.5 billion that would lead to Fox Broadcasting Company in 1986.  General Electric announced plans to purchase RCA, the owner of NBC for $6.3 billion, finalized in 1986.  NBC became the first broadcast network in the USA to broadcast its primetime programs with stereo sound.  During halftime of the Boston Celtics–Philadelphia 76ers NBA playoff game, CBS televised the first ever NBA draft lottery.  The USA Network aired its final National Hockey League telecast, Game 5 of the Stanley Cup Finals.  Kathie Lee Johnson (later Gifford) officially joined Regis Philbin as his co-host on WABC’s The Morning Show. Their chemistry proves to be successful, as it went into national syndication in 1988, as “Live with Regis and Kathie Lee.”  The Live Aid concerts were broadcast from London and Philadelphia by MTV.  The first Farm Aid concert was telecast from Champaign, Illinois, by TNN.  Jackie Gleason and Art Carney reunited in the CBS movie Izzy and Moe.  The highest-rated shows of the year were “The Cosby Show” and “Dallas.”  The following TV shows debuted in 1985: “MacGyver;” “The Golden Girls;” “Moonlighting;” “Mr. Belvedere;” “Saturday Night’s Main Event;” “Larry King Live;” “The Berenstain Bears;” “Hulk Hogan’s Rock ‘n’ Wrestling;” “George Burns Comedy Week;” “Spenser: For Hire;” and “Growing Pains.”  Howard Cosell had his final assignment for ABC Sports.  The PBS program “Electric Company” concluded after 8 straight years in reruns.  The final episode of “The Jeffersons” did not have a proper series finale to its 8 year long run.  ABC broadcast its 2,311th and last daytime episode of Family Feud with Richad Dawson after 9 years.  “The Jetsons” left TV after 10 years, as did “The Twilight Zone” after 23 years.  “Alfred Hitchcock Presents” left TV after 20 years, while “Insight” left after 25 years.  “The Dukes of Hazzard” left after 6 years, while “Alice” left after 9 years.  “The Battle of the Planets” left TV after 7 years.  Despite the success of the “Cosby Show,” “Fat Albert and the Cosby Kids” left the TV air after 13 years.  What do you remember about TV in 1985?

Music in 1985

The top 100 pop songs of 1985 featured various artists and genres, reflecting the diverse musical tastes of 1985, as pop and rock were side by side, with a mix of emerging artists and established stars.  There were the Live Aid benefit concerts in London and Philadelphia that raised over 50 million for famine relief in Ethiopia.  Various artists, under the group name USA For Africa, recorded the song “We Are the World,” written by Michael Jackson and Lionel Richie that became the most popular song of 1985.  The Farm Aid concert was also held in Champaign, Illinois.  The 27th Annual Grammy Awards were in Los Angeles, hosted by John Denver.  Lionel Richie’s Can’t Slow Down won Album of the Year, while Tina Turner’s What’s Love Got to Do with It won both Record of the Year and Song of the Year.  Cyndi Lauper won Best New Artist.  The South African Broadcasting Corporation banned Stevie Wonder’s music in response to his dedicating the Oscar he had won the night before to Nelson Mandela.  One of the biggest music festivals in the world began in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, with an audience of 1.5 million people. David Bowie became the first major artist to have his entire catalog converted to CDs.  Madonna began her very first tour, The Virgin Tour, with her big hit “Material Girl.”  Whitney Houston released her first album, Saving All My Love for You, that topped the Billboard Hot 100, the first of 7 consecutive number-one singles through 1988.  Tears for Fears album Songs from the Big Chair debuted at number two on the UK Albums Chart and remained on the chart for another 50 weeks until September 1986.  A wax likeness of Michael Jackson was unveiled at Madame Tussaud’s in London.  Michael Jackson also purchased the publishing rights for most of the Beatles’ music for $47 million, much to the dismay of Paul McCartney, against whom he was bidding.  Wham! became the first Western pop group to perform in China.  Some of my other favorite songs were “Centerfield” by John Fogerty, “Nightshift” by the Commodores, “The Night I Fell in Love” by Luther Vandross, “Bad Moon Rising” by Sonic Youth, “Across a Crowded Room” by Richard Thompson, The Beach Boys by The Beach Boys, Back to the Future Soundtrack, The Breakfast Club Soundtrack, St. Elmo’s Fire Soundtrack, “Old Ways” by Neil Young, “That’s What Friends Are For” by Dionne Warwick, Copacabana: The Original Motion Picture Soundtrack Album and Manilow, by Barry Manilow, “Dream Come True” by A Flock of Seagulls, “Say You, Say Me” by Lionel Richie, “Born in the USA.” and “Glory Days” by Bruce Springsteen, “The Boys of Summer” by  Don Henley, “Can’t Fight This Feeling” by REO Speedwagon, “Careless Whisper” by Wham!, “Every time You Go Away” by Paul Young, “How Will I Know” by Whitney Houston, “The Power of Love” by Huey Lewis and the News, and “Private Dancer” by Tina Turner.  The fourteenth annual New Year’s Rockin’ Eve special was aired on ABC television, with appearances by the Four Tops, The Judds, Barry Manilow, The Motels, Tears for Fears, and The Temptations.  What is your favorite song from 1985?

Movies in 1985

The 57th Academy Awards ceremony honored films released in 1984, but took place in March 25, 1985, in Los Angeles, hosted by Jack Lemmon, for the fourth time, and watched by 39 million TV viewers.  Amadeus won eight awards, including Best Picture.  For the first time in Oscar history, all five nominees for Best Original Song reached the number-one spot on the Billboard Hot 100 singles chart.  I did not see three of the top movies of 1985, Rambo: First Blood Part II, Rocky IV, and The Goonies.  However, I did see a lot of other movies like Back to the Future, the number one movie, with Michael J. Fox and Christopher Lloyd.  I loved seeing the present from the prism of the past.  I also liked The Color Purple, with Whoopi Goldberg, Danny Glover, and Oprah Winfrey, directed by Steven Spielberg.  Robert Redford and Meryl Streep were great in Out of Africa, directed by Sydney Pollack.  I also liked Cocoon, with a great cast directed by Ron Howard.  I loved The Jewel of the Nile, with Michael Douglas, Kathleen Turner, and Danny DeVito.  Witness, with Harrison Ford and Kelly McGillis was another one of my favorites.  Spies Like Us was a fun movie with Chevy Chase and Dan Aykroyd.  The Falcon and the Snowman with Timothy Hutton and Sean Penn as drug smugglers was very interesting.  One of my favorites was a John Hughes directed movie, The Breakfast Club with Emilio Estevez, Paul Gleason, Anthony Michael Hall, Judd Nelson, Molly Ringwald, and Ally Sheedy, about a Saturday morning High School detention class.  Chevy Chase was the detective in the movie Fletch. He also starred in National Lampoon’s European Vacation, also directed by John Hughes.  Another John Hughes movie that I liked was Weird Science, with Anthony Michael Hall and Robert Downey Jr.  Dustin Hoffman was great in the Arthur Miller play Death of a Salesman. The Purple Rose of Cairo was a little disappointing from Woody Allen, with Mia Farrow, Jeff Daniels, and Danny Aiello.  I thought that Cher was terrific in Mask, directed by Peter Bogdanovich.  Albert Brooks was very good in Lost in America, as was Rosanna Arquette and Madonna in Desperately Seeking Susan.  Richard Pryor and John Candy were hilarious in Brewster’s Millions.  Prizzi’s Honor direct by John Huston was great with Jack Nicholson, Kathleen Turner, Anjelica Huston, and Robert Loggia.  Another great ensemble movie about Indianapolis was St. Elmo’s Fire, with Rob Lowe, Demi Moore, Emilio Estevez, Ally Sheedy, Judd Nelson, Mare Winningham, Andrew McCarthy, Martin Balsam, and Andie MacDowell.  Another great western ensemble that I liked was Silverado with Kevin Kline, Scott Glenn, Rosanna Arquette, John Cleese, Kevin Costner, Brian Dennehy, Danny Glover, Jeff Goldblum, and Linda Hunt.  The movie A Chorus Line, with Michael Douglas, was good also.  I also liked The Trip to Bountiful with Geraldine Page and John Heard.  Do you have a favorite movie from 1985?

Sports in 1985

The inaugural WrestleMania was held in Madison Square Garden, with Hulk Hogan and Mr. T versus Paul Orndorff and Roddy Piper in a tag-team match.  Young driver Danny Sullivan beat veteran Mario Andretti to win the 1985 Indianapolis 500.  In an all-Soviet match, 22-year-old Garry Kasparov defeated Anatoly Karpov to become the youngest-ever undisputed winner of the World Chess Championship.  In Super Bowl XIX, the San Francisco 49ers defeated the Miami Dolphins, 38–16, as Joe Montana, was the MVP.  Cincinnati Reds’ player/manager Pete Rose broke Ty Cobb’s All-Time Hit Record of 4,191 hits.  Tom Seaver of the Chicago White Sox and Phil Niekro of the New York Yankees became the 17th and 18th pitchers to join the 300-win club in 1985.  Rollie Fingers broke Sparky Lyle’s AL career record of 232 saves.  The Kansas City Royals defeated the St. Louis Cardinals 4 games to 3, becoming the first team to win the World Series after losing the first two games at home.  The 1985 MVP Bret Saberhagen of KC pitched two complete-game victories in the series, including a shutout in Game 7.  In 1985, Bill James, wrote The Bill James Historical Baseball Abstract, a seminal volume of baseball history by the leading saber metrician of the day that was later revised in 2001.  In the NCAA Men’s Basketball Championship, two Big East teams saw Villanova win 66-64 with coach Rollie Massimino and Ed Pickney as MVP over Georgetown with coach John Thompson and Patrick Ewing.  In NCAA Division I Women’s Basketball Championship, Old Dominion beat Georgia 70–65.  In the NBA Finals, the Los Angeles Lakers coached by Pat Riley won 4 games to 2 over the Boston Celtics coached by KC Jones.  6 HOF Laker players, Kareem Abdul-Jabbar, Michael Cooper, Magic Johnson, Bob McAdoo, Jamaal Wilkes, and James Worthy defeated 4 HOF Celtics, Larry Bird, Dennis Johnson, Kevin McHale, and Robert Parish, with Kareem Abdul-Jabbar the MVP.  The NBA Kansas City Kings franchise moved to be the Sacramento Kings.  Michael Jordan competed in his first dunk contest, wearing the first edition of his now famous line of “Air” Jordan basketball shoes.  In Boxing, Marvin Hagler knocked out Thomas Hearns in three rounds to retain the world’s Middleweight title.  Héctor Camacho defeated José Luis Ramírez to lift the WBC’s world Lightweight title.  Michael Spinks beat Larry Holmes by a decision in 15 rounds to become the first world Light Heavyweight champion to win a world Heavyweight title.  Bernard Hinault of France won both the Giro d’Italia and the Tour de France.  In golf, the Masters was won by Bernhard Langer, US Open by Andy North, the British Open by Sandy Lyle, and the PGA by Hubert Green with the PGA Tour money leader Curtis Strange with $542,321.  The Senior PGA Tour money leader was Peter Thomson with $386,724, while the LPGA Tour money leader was Nancy Lopez with $416,472.  There was no Triple Crown winner since three different horses won one leg each.  Once again, Wayne Gretzky, of the Edmonton Oilers was the NHL’s leading scorer during the regular season and won the NHL’s Most Valuable Player, as the Edmonton Oilers won the Stanley Cup 4 games to 1 over the Philadelphia Flyers.  There was no one Grand Slam winner in men’s and women’s tennis.  The AP Male Athlete of the Year was MLB pitcher Dwight Gooden, and the AP Female Athlete of the Year was Nancy Lopez, an LPGA golf player.  What do you remember about sports in 1985?

Deaths of 1985

Besides the death of my mother, Rose Finnegan, in 1985, a lot of other celebrities died, like Roger Maris, Yankee MLB player (1934-1985), Paul Castellano, American Mafia boss (1915-1985), Dian Fossey, American biologist (1932-1985), Harry Hopman, Australian tennis player and coach (1906-1985), Samantha Smith, American schoolgirl activist (1972-1985), Frank Oppenheimer, American particle physicist (1912-1985), Karen Ann Quinlan, American right-to-die cause célèbre (1954-1985), Charles Richter, creator of the Richter magnitude scale (1900-1985), Chester Gould, creator of Dick Tracy (1900-1985), László Bíró, Hungarian inventor of the ballpoint pen (1899-1985), J. Willard Marriott, founder of Marriott International (1900-1985), Heinrich Böll, German writer (1917-1985), Marc Chagall, Russian-French painter (1887-1985), Taylor Caldwell, Anglo-American writer (1900-1985), E. B. White, American writer (1899-1985), Jimmy Kinnon, Scottish founder of Narcotics Anonymous (1911-1985), Potter Stewart, American Supreme Court Justice (1915-1985), Henry Cabot Lodge Jr., American politician (1902-1985), and Konstantin Chernenko, General Secretary of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union (1911-1985).  Three members of the black listed Hollywood Ten screenwriters died in 1985, Albert Maltz, (1908-1985), Alvah Cecil Bessie, (1904-1985), and Lester Cole, (1904-1985).  Some of my favorite entertainers died in 1985, Clarence Nash, American actor (1904-1985), Eugene Ormandy, Hungarian-American conductor (1899-1985), Alan A. Freeman, English record producer (1920-1985), Roger Sessions, American composer (1896-1985), Sir Michael Redgrave, British actor (1908-1985), The Singing Nun (Jeannine Deckers), Belgian nun and singer (1933-1985), Efrem Zimbalist, Russian-American violinist (1889-1985), Edmond O’Brien, American actor (1915-1985), George Chandler, American actor (1898-1985), Phil Foster, American actor (1913-1985), Margo, Mexican-American actress (1917-1985), Kay Kyser, American bandleader (1905-1985), Mickey Shaughnessy, American actor (1920-1985), Grant Williams, American actor (1931-1985), James Craig, American actor (1912-1985), John Welsh, Irish actor (1914-1985), Scott Brady, American actor (1924-1985), Margaret Hamilton, American actress (1902-1985), John Harmon, American actor (1905-1985), Louise Brooks, American actress (1906-1985), Kenny Baker, American actor and singer (1912-1985), Paul Harris, American actor (1917-1985), Ruth Gordon, American actress, (1896-1985), Kenny Clarke, American jazz drummer and bandleader (1914-1985), Marvin Miller, American actor (1913-1985), George O’Brien, American actor (1899-1985), Paul Kligman, Canadian actor (1923-1985), J. Pat O’Malley, English actor (1904-1985), Edward Andrews, American actor (1914-1985), Ricky Nelson, American actor and musician (1940-1985), Lloyd Nolan, American actor (1902-1985), Rock Hudson, American actor (1925-1985), George Savalas, American actor (1924-1985), Nelson Riddle, American bandleader (1921-1985), Yul Brynner, Russian actor (1920-1985), Orson Welles, American actor and director (1915-1985), Phil Silvers, American entertainer (1911-1985), Johnny Olson, American game show announcer (1910-1985), Ricky Wilson, American guitarist (1953-1985), Stepin Fetchit, American actor (1902), Anne Baxter, American actress (1923-1985), Ian Stewart, Scottish rock musician (1938-1985), and Big Joe Turner, American blues singer (1911-1985).  Do you know anyone who died in 1985?

Disasters of 1985

There were a lot of airplane crashes in 1985.  Iberia Airlines Flight 610 crashed, killing all 148 on board.  Arrow Air Flight 1285R, a Douglas DC-8, crashed after takeoff from Gander, Newfoundland, killing 256 people, 248 of whom were USA servicemen.  Air India Flight 182, a Boeing 747, was blown up by a terrorist bomb 31,000 feet above the Atlantic Ocean, south of Ireland, on a Montreal–London–Delhi flight, killing all 329 aboard.  Aeroflot Flight 5143 crashed near Uchquduq, Uzbek SSR, Soviet Union, killing all 200 people on board.  Delta Air Lines Flight 191 crashed near Dallas, Texas, killing 137 people.  Japan Air Lines Flight 123 crashed in Japan, killing 520 people, the worst single-aircraft disaster in aviation history.  British Airtours Flight 28M caught fire while on its takeoff roll at Manchester Airport in the UK with 55 people killed while trying to evacuate the aircraft.  Bar Harbor Airlines Flight 1808 crashed in the USA, killing all 8 on board.  Midwest Express Airlines Flight 105, a McDonnell Douglas DC-9, crashed just after takeoff from Milwaukee, killing all 31 on board.  EgyptAir Flight 648 was hijacked by the Abu Nidal group and flown to Malta, where Egyptian commandos stormed the plane with 60 people killed.  1985 Aeroflot Antonov An-12 was shot-down, killing 8 crew members and 13 passengers on board.  Abu Nidal terrorists opened fire in the airports of Rome and Vienna, leaving 18 dead and 120 injured.  The Provisional IRA carried out a mortar attack on the Royal Ulster Constabulary police station at Newry in Northern Ireland with 9 officers dead, the highest loss of life for the RUC on a single day.  A Beirut car bomb to assassinate Islamic cleric Sayyed Mohammad Hussein Fadlallah killed more than 80 people and injured 200 more.  A terrorist bombing attributed to the Islamic Jihad Organization in the El Descanso restaurant near Madrid, Spain, mostly attended by U.S. personnel from the Torrejón Air Base, caused 18 deaths and 82 injuries.  The Accomarca massacre took place in Ayacucho, Peru.  An 8.0 earthquake hit Santiago and Valparaíso, Chile, leaving 177 dead, 2,575 injured, 142,489 houses destroyed, and approximately a million people homeless.  An 8.0 earthquake struck Mexico City, killing about 10,000 people and injuring 30,000 more.  Approximately 10,000 people were killed when Bangladesh was affected by the storm surge from Tropical Storm One.  Forty-four tornadoes hit Ohio, Pennsylvania, New York, and Ontario, including a rare and powerful F5.  In total, the event killed 90 people.  The Val di Stava dam collapsed in Italy, killing 268 people, destroying 63 buildings, and demolishing eight bridges.  The Nevado del Ruiz volcano erupted, killing an estimated 23,000 people, including 21,000 killed by lahars, in the town of Armero, Colombia.  The Finnish dry cargo ship MS Hanna-Marjut, on its way from Mariehamn to Naantali, sunk in the sea on the open water of Kihti between the Kökar and Sottunga islands of Åland, leading to the drowning of four people.  39 spectators were killed in rioting on the terraces during the European Cup final between Liverpool F.C. and Juventus at Heysel Stadium in Brussels, Belgium.  A fire engulfed a wooden stand at the Valley Parade stadium in Bradford, England, during an Association football match, killing 56 people.  What disaster do you remember from 1985?

Great events of 1985

Mikhail Gorbachev became the General Secretary of the Soviet Communist Party, and de facto leader of the Soviet Union.  In Geneva, USA President Ronald Reagan and Soviet Union leader Mikhail Gorbachev met for the first time.  The State President of South Africa, P. W. Botha, declared a state of emergency in 36 magisterial districts of South Africa amid growing civil unrest in black townships.  However, South Africa ended its ban on interracial marriages.  Pope John Paul II announced the institution of World Youth Day for Catholic young people.  The Nobel Prize for Peace went to the International Physicians for the Prevention of Nuclear War.  Mohamed Al-Fayed bought the London-based department store company Harrods.  Coca-Cola changed its formula and released New Coke, but the response was overwhelmingly negative and the original formula was back on the market in less than three months.  The Space Shuttle Atlantis made its maiden flight.  New Hampshire teacher Christa McAuliffe was selected as the first person to go into space under the Teacher in Space Project, and designated to ride aboard the Space Shuttle Challenger.  STS-51-G Space Shuttle Discovery completed its mission, but is best remembered for having Sultan bin Salman Al Saud, the first Arab and first Muslim in space, as a payload specialist.  The iconic USA Route 66 was officially decommissioned.  The Nintendo Entertainment System was released in North America.  Microsoft Corporation had the first USA release of Windows 1.0.  The Internet’s Domain Name System was created.  Scientists of the British Antarctic Survey announced the discovery of the ozone hole.  A total solar eclipse occurred over Antarctica.  DNA was first used in a criminal case.  William J. Schroeder became the first patient with an artificial heart to leave a hospital.  Emirates Airlines was established in Dubai and made its first flight, to Karachi, Pakistan.  What do you remember about 1985?

The Super Bowl XX game, January 26, 1986

The Chicago Bears had shutout their postseason opponents, the New York Giants, and the Los Angeles Rams. 45-0 combined.  Unfortunately, the Patriots scored first on a field goal, after a Walter Payton fumble on the second play of the game.  However, the Patriots never scored again until a touchdown in the fourth quarter.  It was all Bears the rest of the day.  The Bears struck back with a 7-play, 59-yard drive, featuring a 43-yard pass completion from Jim McMahon to wide receiver Willie Gault, to set up a field goal, tying the score 3–3.  Then Dan Hampton recovered a fumble on the Patriots 13-yard line that led to another field goal, 6-3.  On the next drive, Dent forced a fumble, recovered by linebacker Mike Singletary at the 13-yard line.  Two plays later, Bears fullback Matt Suhey scored on an 11-yard touchdown run to increase the lead to 13–3.  After New England failed to score, the Bears subsequently drove 59 yards in 10 plays, scoring on McMahon’s 2-yard touchdown run to increase their lead, 20–3.  The Bears then marched 72 yards in 11 plays, moving the ball inside the Patriots 10-yard line.  New England kept them out of the end zone, but Butler kicked his third field goal on the last play of the half to give Chicago a 23–3 halftime lead.  The Bears had absolutely dominated New England in the first half, holding them to 21 offensive plays, only 4 with positive yardage, 19 total offensive yards, 2 pass completions, 1 first down, and 3 points.  In the second half, McMahon faked a handoff to Payton, then threw a 60-yard completion to Willie Gault. Eight plays later, McMahon finished the Super Bowl record 96-yard drive with a 1-yard touchdown run to make the Bears lead 30–3.  On New England’s second drive of the period, Chicago cornerback Reggie Phillips intercepted a pass from Steve Grogan and returned it 28 yards for a touchdown to increase the lead to 37–3.  On the second play of their ensuing possession, the Patriots turned the ball over again.  A few plays later, McMahon’s 27-yard completion to receiver Dennis Gentry moved the ball to the 1-yard line.  William “the Refrigerator” Perry was brought on to score on offense, as he had done twice in the regular season.  His touchdown made the score 44–3.  I was mad that Walter Payton never got to score a Super Bowl touchdown.  The Patriots finally scored a touchdown early in the fourth quarter.  But the Bears defense dominated New England for the rest of the game, forcing another fumble, another interception, and defensive lineman Henry Waechter’s sack on Grogan in the end zone for a safety to make the final score 46–10, as the Bears won Super Bowl XX over the New England Patriots on that early January Sunday evening.  McMahon, who completed 12 out of 20 passes for 256 yards, became the first quarterback in a Super Bowl to score 2 rushing touchdowns.  Tony Eason became the first Super Bowl starting quarterback to fail to complete a pass, going 0 for 6 in pass attempts.  The Bears also dominated the Patriots starting running back Craig James, holding him to 1 yard on 5 carries, with 1 fumble.  This Super Bowl XX at the Louisiana Superdome set several more records.  First, the Bears’ 46 points broke the previous record of 38.  Their 36-point margin of victory also topped the 29-point margin of victory that the Raiders recorded over the Washington Redskins in Super Bowl XVIII.  The game was almost perfect except for Payton not scoring.  It should have been a shutout.  Do you remember Super Bowl XX?