Jamestown Festival Park

That Thursday afternoon, June 18, 1987, we went to visit the Jamestown Settlement, a living history museum operated by the Commonwealth of Virginia. Today it includes a re-creation of the original James Fort from 1607 to 1614, a Powhatan Native American town, indoor and outdoor displays, and replicas of the original settlers’ ships, the Susan Constant, Godspeed, and Discovery. The museum complex is located adjacent to historic Jamestown Island, which is run in partnership by the National Park Service and the Jamestown Rediscovery Foundation. Jamestown was the first successful English settlement on the mainland of North America, founded on May 14, 1607. The Jamestown-Yorktown Foundation is a Virginia state agency that administers the education aspects of the Jamestown Settlement as well as the Yorktown battlefield, since they are only about thirty miles away from each other. Her Majesty, Queen Elizabeth II and the Duke of Edinburgh were invited and attended the Jamestown Settlement Museum at its creation in 1957, the 350^th anniversary of its founding, and again on May 14, 2007, on the 400^th anniversary of this founding. The Viriginia Jamestown settlement was the first permanent English settlement in the Americas, not Plymouth Rock, Massachusetts, that was 13 years later. Located on the northeast bank of the James River, Jamestown is about 2 miles away from present-day Williamsburg. This settlement followed failed attempts at Roanoke Colony in 1585. Despite the dispatch of more supplies, only 60 of the original 214 settlers survived the 1609–1610 Starving Time. Jamestown served as the Virginia colonial capital from 1616 until 1699, when it was moved to present-day Williamsburg. In 1676, Jamestown was deliberately burned during Bacon’s Rebellion, although it was rebuilt. In the 18th century, Jamestown ceased to exist as a settlement and remained as an archaeological site until 1957. Among the colonists who survived the Starving Time was John Rolfe, who carried with him a cache of untested tobacco seeds from Bermuda, which had grown wild there. In 1614, Rolfe began to successfully harvest tobacco. Prosperous and wealthy, he married Pocahontas, bringing several years of peace between the English and natives, but she died in 1617. Of the 6,000 people who came to the settlement between 1608 and 1624, only 3,400 survived. Jamestown Settlement is now a living-history park and museum located adjacent to Jamestown Island. The bicentennial of Jamestown on May 13–14, 1807, was called the Grand National Jubilee. In 1857, the Jamestown society organized a celebration marking the 250th anniversary of Jamestown’s founding. The Jamestown Tercentenary Monument, was erected on Jamestown Island in 1907, which stands 103 feet tall. The 1957 Jamestown Festival was so successful that the tourists kept coming long after the official event was completed. A highly fictionalized version of the Jamestown settlement is depicted in the animated Disney film Pocahontas (1995) as well as its direct-to-video sequel Pocahontas II: Journey to a New World (1998). A feature-length film, The New World (2005), directed by Terrence Malick, covered the story of Jamestown’s colonization. Another feature-length film, First Landing: The Voyage from England to Jamestown (2007), documented the 1607 landing of the English colonists. I have three brochures and four postcards from Jamestown. Have you ever heard of Jamestown?

Yorktown Victory Center

On Thursday morning, June 18, 1987, we traveled to see the place where the Battle of Yorktown took place, The Yorktown Victory Center, a Museum of the American Revolution. This site chronicled America’s struggle for independence, from the beginnings of colonial unrest to the formation of the new nation. Exhibits provided accounts of the Revolution and described the convergence of forces on Yorktown in 1781. The Declaration of Independence Gallery featured a rare early broadside printing of the Declaration dating from July 1776, before a handwritten copy on parchment was signed by members of Congress. Historical interpreters engaged visitors with everyday life at the time of the Revolution in re-creations of a Continental Army encampment and a 1780s farm. The British surrendered at Yorktown, the final major land engagement of the American Revolutionary War. The Continental Army, led by George Washington, with support from the Marquis de Lafayette and French Army troops, along with a French Navy force, defeated British Lieutenant General Charles Cornwallis on October 19, 1781, at exactly 10:30 AM. The victory of Washington and the Continental Army at Yorktown led to the capture of both Cornwallis and the British Army, who subsequently surrendered, leading the British to negotiate an end to the conflict. The British defeat at Yorktown led to the Treaty of Paris in 1783, where Britain acknowledged the independence and sovereignty of the Thirteen Colonies, and subsequently to the establishment of the USA as the first constitutional republic in world history founded on the consent of the governed and the rule of law. With the arrival of Cornwallis and more reinforcements from New York, the British Army numbered 7,200 men. However, General Washington abandoned his plan to take New York City, and began to prepare his army for the march south to Virginia. He had 7,000 soldiers, 4,000 French and 3,000 Americans. On September 26, transports with artillery, siege tools, and some French infantry, with shock troops from Head of Elk, arrived at the northern end of the Chesapeake Bay. Washington then commanded an army of 7,800 Frenchmen, 3,100 militia, and 8,000 Continentals. On September 29, Washington moved the army closer to Yorktown. Cornwallis pulled back from all his outer defenses. The Americans and the French occupied the abandoned defenses and began to establish their batteries there. On October 1, the allies learned from British deserters that, to preserve their food, the British had slaughtered hundreds of horses and thrown them on the beach. By October 9, all the French and American guns were in place. The Franco-American guns began to tear apart the British defenses. Washington ordered that the guns fire all night, so that the British could not make any repairs. On the morning of October 16, more allied guns were in line and the fire intensified. In desperation, Cornwallis attempted to evacuate his troops across the York River to Gloucester Point. However, on the morning of October 17, a drummer appeared, followed by an officer waving a white handkerchief. The British soldiers marched out and laid down their arms in between the French and American armies, while many civilians watched. After the British surrender, Washington sent Tench Tilghman to report the victory to Congress. There was a lot to see on those grounds at Yorktown. I have four postcards and two brochures from our visit. Have you ever seen the final battleground of the American Revolutionary War?

Travel by car to Hampton, Virginia

On Wednesday, June 17, 1987, we traveled through North Carolina to Hampton, Virginia, where we stayed three nights at the Day’s Inn in Hampton, Virginia, Wednesday, Thursday, and Friday nights, June 17,18, 19. This was an all-day journey, 350 miles, or about five and half hours in a car from Myrtle Beach. We had visited Virginia and the DC area a couple of years earlier. This time, we were going to see the historic sites around Hampton, with 137,148 people, the seventh-most populous city in Virginia. Hampton is included in the Hampton Roads metropolitan area, sometimes called “Tidewater.” Hampton traces its origins to Old Point Comfort, the site of Fort Monroe, named by English explorers in 1607 during the founding of Jamestown. Following the American Civil War, Hampton University was established on the opposite bank of the Hampton River to educate newly freed African Americans and local Native Americans. In the 20th century, the city became home to Langley Air Force Base, NASA’s Langley Research Center, and the Virginia Air and Space Center. The oldest Anglican parish in the Americas is in Hampton from 1610. In the latter part of August, 1619, the White Lion, sailing under a Dutch letter of marque, delivered approximately 20 enslaved Africans, from the present-day region of Angola to Point Comfort. These were the first recorded slaves from Africa in the Thirteen Colonies. John Rolfe, the widower of Pocahontas, wrote in a letter that he was at Point Comfort and witnessed the arrival of these first Africans. The Bantu from Angola were considered indentured servants, but in effect, were slaves. Two of the first Africans to arrive were Anthony and Isabella, so that their child was the first-born person of African descent in North America in 1624. In 1813, the fort was captured again by the British as part of the War of 1812. Shortly after the war ended, the USA Army built a more substantial stone facility at Old Point Comfort, and called it Fort Monroe in honor of President James Monroe, the largest stone fort ever built in the USA. Although most of Virginia became part of the Confederate States of America, Fort Monroe remained in Union hands. Thus, it has a historic and symbolic site of early freedom for former slaves under the provisions of contraband policies and later the Emancipation Proclamation. After the War, former Confederate President, Jefferson Davis, was imprisoned in the area now known as the Casemate Museum on this base. Hampton was incorporated as a city in 1849. Hampton has a rich and extensive 20th-century military history, as the home of Langley Air Force Base, the nation’s first military installation dedicated solely to air power and the home of the USA Air Force. The current Hampton population is 36% white, 44% black, 4% Hispanic, and 3% Asian. Have you ever been to the Tidewater area?

South Carolina and the civil rights movement

The Carolina slave trade, which included both trading and direct raids by colonists, was the largest among the British colonies in North America. They captured between 24,000 and 51,000 Native Americans and then exported them from South Carolina to other USA colonies. The trade in Indian slaves was at the center of the English empire’s development in the American South, the most important factor affecting the South from 1670 to 1715. As a slave state, it was the first state to vote in favor of secession from the Union on December 20, 1860. After the Civil War ended, the state was readmitted to the Union in 1868. During Reconstruction, South Carolina maintained a majority-black government, which lasted until 1876, when Democrats and former Confederates committed voter fraud to regain power. In the mid-to-late 1870s, white Democrats used paramilitary groups to intimidate and terrorize black voters. They regained political control of the state under conservative white “Redeemers” and pro-business Bourbon Democrats. In 1877, the federal government withdrew its troops as part of the Compromise of 1877 that ended Reconstruction. South Carolina became a hotbed of racial and economic tensions during the Populist and Agrarian movements of the 1890s. A Republican-Populist biracial coalition took power away from White Democrats temporarily. To prevent that from happening again, Democrats gained passage of a new constitution in 1895, which effectively disenfranchised almost all blacks and many poor whites, with poll taxes, residency, and literacy tests that dramatically reduced the voter rolls. By 1896, only 5,500 black voters remained on the voter registration rolls, although they constituted the majority of the state’s population. In the 1900 census, 782,509 African American citizens comprised more than 58% of the state’s population, but they were essentially without any political representation. In the late 19th century, South Carolina would implement the Jim Crow laws which enforced racial segregation policies until the 1960s. During the early-to-mid part of the 20th century, millions of African Americans left South Carolina and other southern states for jobs, opportunities, and relative freedom in USA cities outside the former Confederate states. In total from 1910 to 1970, 6.5 million blacks left the South in the Great Migration. By 1930, South Carolina had a white majority population for the first time since 1708. The civil rights movement of the mid-20th century helped end segregation and legal discrimination policies within the state. South Carolina would experience a much less violent movement than other Deep South states. This tranquil transition from a Jim Crow society occurred because the state’s white and black leaders were willing to accept slow change, rather than being utterly unwilling to accept change at all. Other South Carolina political figures, like Sen. Strom Thurmond, on the other hand, were among the nation’s most radical and effective opponents of social equality and integration. By 2022, the white population of South Carolina was 69% with 26% black. Have you ever experienced racial segregation?

The state of South Carolina

South Carolina is a state in the Southeastern region of the USA, that borders North Carolina to the north and northeast, the Atlantic Ocean to the southeast, and Georgia to the west and south across the Savannah River. Within South Carolina from east to west are three main geographic regions, the Atlantic coastal plain, the Piedmont, and the Blue Ridge Mountains in the northwestern corner of Upstate South Carolina. Along with North Carolina, it makes up the Carolinas region of the East Coast. South Carolina is the 11th-smallest and 23rd-most populous USA state with a population of over 5 million. With 46 counties, the capital is Columbia with a population of 136,632, while its most populous city is Charleston. South Carolina was named in honor of King Charles I of England (1600-1649), who first formed the English colony, with Carolus being Latin for “Charles.” In 1629, the English king established the province of Carolana, an area covering what is now South and North Carolina, Georgia, and Tennessee. King Charles refused to grant permission to settle anyone who was not a member of the Anglican Church. In 1712, the former Province of Carolina split into North and South Carolina. In 1719, South Carolina was officially made a royal colony, and thus one of the Thirteen Colonies. By the second half of the 1700s, South Carolina was one of the richest of the Thirteen Colonies. In May 1788, South Carolina ratified the USA Constitution, becoming the eighth state to enter the union. During the American Revolutionary War, South Carolina was the site of more than 200 battles, a third of all the combat action took place in South Carolina, more than any other state. Inhabitants of the state endured being invaded by British forces and an ongoing civil war between loyalists and partisans that devastated the backcountry. An estimated 25,000 slaves fled, migrated, or died during the Revolutionary war. From 1790 until 1865, wealthy male landowners were in control of South Carolina. A man was not eligible to sit in the State House of Representatives unless he possessed an estate of 500 acres of land with 10 Negroes, or at least 150 pounds sterling. As dissatisfaction of the planters ruling class with the federal government grew, in the 1820s, Senator John C. Calhoun became a leading proponent of states’ rights, limited government, nullification of the USA Constitution, and free trade. In 1832, the Ordinance of Nullification declared federal tariff laws unconstitutional and not to be enforced in the state, leading to the Nullification Crisis. During the early-to-mid 20th century, South Carolina started to see economic progress as many textile mills and factories were built across the state. Economic diversification in South Carolina continued to pick up speed during and in the ensuing decades after World War II. In the early 21st century, South Carolina’s economy is based on industries such as aerospace, agribusiness, automotive manufacturing, and tourism. Have you ever been to South Carolina?

Myrtle Beach, South Carolina

Myrtle Beach is a resort city on the east coast of the USA, in Horry County, South Carolina, the center of a long and continuous 60-mile stretch of beach known as the “Grand Strand.” Its year-round population is only 35,682. Myrtle Beach is one of the major centers of tourism in South Carolina and the USA. The city’s warm subtropical climate, miles of beaches, multiple golf courses, and 1,800 restaurants attracts over 20 million visitors each year, making Myrtle Beach one of the most visited destinations in the country. Myrtle Beach has also been called the “Golf Capital of the World” because of the roughly 100 golf courses there, the record 4.2 million rounds played, and the many miniature golf courses, which is what we played a couple of times. The number of golf courses more than doubled to over 120 over a 20-year period before declining late in the first decade of the 21st century. Tiger Woods declared Myrtle Beach “the mecca of golf” when visiting in 1997. Most of the area’s golf courses are public. The Myrtle Beach Metro Area is one of the fastest growing metropolitan areas in the country, with an estimated population of 397,478 in 2023, a 28% growth in population over eight years. Prior to the American Revolution, the area along the future Grand Strand was essentially uninhabited. In 1899, Burroughs and Collins received a charter to build the Conway & Seashore Railroad to transport timber from the coast to inland customers. Around 1900, a contest was held to name the area, and Burroughs’s wife suggested honoring the locally abundant shrub, the southern wax myrtle, Myrica cerifera. The Withers post office changed its name to “Myrtle Beach” soon afterward. It was incorporated as a town in 1938 and as a city in 1957. In 1937, Myrtle Beach Municipal Airport was built. It was taken over by the USA Army Air Corps in 1940 and converted into a military base. Myrtle Beach has been separated from the continental United States since 1936 by the Intracoastal Waterway, forcing the city and area in general to develop within a small distance from the coast. Myrtle Beach city has a total area of 24 square miles, the largest principal city of the Myrtle Beach-Conway, SC, Combined Statistical Area. The city’s racial makeup is 72% White, 14% Black, 14% Hispanic. It is estimated that nearly 100,000 visitors a year are international travelers, including tourists from Canada, Germany, and the United Kingdom. The Myrtle Beach Boardwalk opened in 2010 and has been recognized as the nation’s #3 boardwalk by National Geographic. Thongs are not permitted in public in Myrtle Beach, including all beaches. Myrtle Beach Bike Week, also called “Harley Bike Week,” is a week-long motorcycle rally first held in 1940. Thus, this event has attracted as many as 200,000 visitors to the city every May. Black Bike Week, founded in 1980, takes place the weekend around Memorial Day Weekend and is the largest African American motorcycle rally in the USA and attracts as many as 400,000 visitors. Have you ever been to Myrtle Beach?

Three great days of fun at Myrtle Beach, South Carolina

The morning of Saturday, June 13, 1987, we headed north to Charleston, South Carolina, from Savannah, Georgia, about 100 miles or two hours by car. After a visit to Charleston, South Carolina, and Fort Sumter National Monument, we settled in at Myrtle Beach that Saturday night as we drove up to Myrtle Beach, South Carolina, about two hours or 95 miles from Charleston. We spent four nights at the Bluewater Myrtle Beach Resort, that is still there today, June 13, 14, 15, and 16, Saturday through Tuesday. This was the fun part of our vacation. We spent three days on the beach and in the Atlantic Ocean swimming and frolicking around. I have seven postcards and three brochures from this trip. Myrtle Beach proclaims that they have the most beautiful beach on the east coast. However, I thought that were some pretty good ones along the Jersey shore. We also went to the Pavilion Amusement Park that closed in 2006 due to redevelopment. There were 44 rides and attractions back in 1987. We also visited the Wild Rapids Water Slide on the Oceanfront that was called the Million Dollar Water Slide, that is no longer there. We also went to the Myrtle Beach Grand Prix that is now Broadway Grand Prix. They had all kinds of cars to drive on their tracks. They had Formula 1 race cars, Speed racers, Speed boats, and Hydro fighters for teenagers. Then they had Go-Carts, Krazy Kars, Bumper Boats, and Kiddie Cars. I think our girls liked the Go-Carts and Krazy Kars. Well, between the beach and the amusement parks, Joy and Katie were having a great time for a few days, before we went back to our historical tour of Virginia and Washington, DC. Have you ever been swimming in the Atlantic Ocean?

Charleston, the Holy City

Despite beliefs that the term “Holy City” dates to the city’s earliest days and refers to its religiously tolerant culture, the expression “Charleston the Holy City” was coined in the 20th century, as a mockery of Charlestonians’ self-satisfied attitude about their city. Many sources, however, traditionally link the term to the many old church spires dotting the skyline of downtown Charleston. Regardless of the nickname’s origin, residents have embraced the term and have explained it in more flattering ways. The Anglican church was dominant in the colonial era, and the Cathedral of St. Luke and St. Paul today is the seat of the Anglican Diocese of South Carolina. St. John’s Protestant Episcopal Church is another historic church in Charleston. Many French Huguenot refugees settled in Charleston in the early 18th century. The Emanuel African Methodist Episcopal Church is the oldest African Methodist Episcopal church in the Southern United States, and houses the oldest black congregation south of Baltimore, Maryland. South Carolina has long allowed Jews to practice their faith without restriction. Kahal Kadosh Beth Elohim, founded in 1749 by Sephardic Jews from London, is the fourth-oldest Jewish congregation in the continental USA, and was an important site for the development of Reform Judaism. Brith Sholom Beth Israel is the oldest Orthodox synagogue in the South, founded by Sam Berlin and other Ashkenazi German and Central European Jews in the mid-19th century. The city’s oldest Catholic parish, St. Mary of the Annunciation Catholic Church, is the mother church of Catholicism in South Carolina, North Carolina, and Georgia. In 1820, Charleston was established as the see city of the Diocese of Charleston, which at the time comprised the Carolinas and Georgia, and presently encompasses the state of South Carolina. The Supreme Council of the Scottish Rite, established in Charleston in 1801, is considered the mother council of the world by Scottish Rite Freemasons. Charleston’s culture blends traditional Southern USA, English, French, and West African elements. Spoleto Festival USA, held annually in late spring, was founded in 1977 by Pulitzer Prize–winning composer Gian Carlo Menotti, based on a festival in in Spoleto, Italy. The Jenkins Orphanage was established in 1891 by the Rev. Daniel J. Jenkins in Charleston. The orphanage accepted donations of musical instruments, and Rev. Jenkins hired local Charleston musicians and Avery Institute Graduates to tutor the boys in music. Charleston Gaelic Athletic Association focuses on the sports of hurling and Gaelic football. The club competes in the Southeastern Division of the North American County Board of the GAA. This club hosts other division clubs in the Holy City Cup each spring. Did you know that Charleston was a holy city?

Race in Charleston, South Carolina

A significant part of Charleston’s history was its central role in the Atlantic slave trade. By the mid-18th century, Charleston was the hub of the Atlantic slave trade in the Southern Colonies, as it became the primary entry point for enslaved Africans. Almost one-half of enslaved people imported to the USA arrived in Charleston. By 1708, most of the colony’s population were Black Africans. Devoted to plantation agriculture that depended on enslaved labor, South Carolina became a slave society. Throughout this period, enslaved people were sold aboard the arriving ships or at ad hoc gatherings in the town’s taverns. Throughout the Antebellum Period, Charleston continued to be the only major American city with a majority-slave population. In 2018, the city formally apologized for its role in the American slave trade. State and city laws prohibited Black literacy, limited Black worship to daylight hours, and required a majority of any church’s parishioners be white. The Charleston Hospital Strike of 1969, in which mostly black workers protested discrimination and low wages, was one of the last major events of the civil rights movement, attracting Ralph Abernathy, Coretta Scott King, and Andrew Young. After having been a majority-minority city for most of its history, in the late 20th century, many whites began returning to the urban core of Charleston, and the area gentrified with rising prices and rents. From 1980 to 2010, the peninsula’s population shifted from two-thirds black to two-thirds white. In 2010, residents numbered 20,668 whites and 10,455 blacks, as many African Americans moved to the less-expensive suburbs. On June 17, 2015, 21-year-old white supremacist Dylann Roof entered the historic Emanuel African Methodist Episcopal Church and sat in on part of a Bible study, before shooting and killing nine people and injuring a tenth, all African Americans. Senior pastor Clementa Pinckney, who also served as a state senator, was among those killed during the attack. The attack garnered national attention and sparked a debate on racism, Confederate symbolism in Southern states, and gun violence, based on Roof’s online postings. A memorial service on the campus of the College of Charleston was attended by President Barack Obama, Michelle Obama, Vice President Joe Biden, Jill Biden, and Speaker of the House John Boehner. The current racial makeup of Charleston is White 72%, African American alone 17%, Hispanic 5%, Multiracial 3%, and Asian 2%. Charleston historically had a large concentration of African Americans who spoke Gullah, a creole language that developed on the Sea Islands and in the Low Country, that influenced local speech patterns. Today, Gullah is still spoken by some African-American residents. The Gullah community has had a tremendous influence on music in Charleston, especially when it comes to the early development of jazz music. In turn, Charleston’s music has influenced the rest of the country. The geechee dances that accompanied the music of the dock workers in Charleston followed a rhythm that inspired Eubie Blake’s “Charleston Rag” and later James P. Johnson’s “Charleston Dance,” as well as the dance craze that defined the USA in the 1920s. “Ballin’ the Jack,” which was a popular dance in the years before the “Charleston,” was written by native Charlestonian Chris Smith. North and South, a series of books by John Jakes, was partially set in Charleston. The North and South miniseries was partially set and filmed in Charleston. What do you know about the history of slavery in the USA south?

Charleston, South Carolina

That Saturday afternoon, June 13, 1987, we took a short visit to Charleston, South Carolina, the most populous city in the state of South Carolina, the geographical midpoint of South Carolina’s coastline along Charleston Harbor. We visited “The Charleston Adventure,” a sight and sound adventure on Calhoun Street. Charleston had a population of about 150,000 at the 2020 census, as the county seat of Charleston County. Charleston was founded by the English in 1670 as Charles Town, named in honor of King Charles II (1630-1685), who had granted the chartered Province of Carolina to eight of his loyal friends, known as the Lords Proprietors, on March 24, 1663. It quickly grew to become the fifth-largest city in North America by the 1690s. During the colonial period, Charleston remained unincorporated, governed by a colonial legislature and a royal governor, with administrative districts and social services organized by Anglican parishes. A smallpox outbreak erupted in 1698, followed by an earthquake in February 1699, that destroyed about a third of the town. It developed a reputation as one of the least healthy locations in the Thirteen Colonies for ethnic Europeans. From the 1670s, Charleston also attracted pirates. Although the state capital was relocated to Columbia in 1788, Charleston remained among the top 10 USA cities by population through 1840. The economy of Charleston today is anchored by tourism, port logistics, aerospace, and information technology, nicknamed the “Silicon Harbor.” Early immigrant groups to the city included the Huguenots, Scottish, Irish, and Germans, as well as hundreds of Jews, predominately Sephardi from London. As late as 1830, Charleston’s Jewish community was the most prominent and wealthiest in North America. The plantations and the economy based on slavery made Charleston the wealthiest city in the Thirteen Colonies, and the largest in population south of Philadelphia, the 4th-largest port in the colonies, after Boston, New York City, and Philadelphia. The British continued to hold Charlestown for over a year following their defeat at Yorktown in 1781. The British finally evacuated Charlestown in December 1782. Although Columbia had replaced it as the state capital in 1788, Charleston became even more prosperous as Eli Whitney’s 1793 invention of the cotton gin sped up the processing of the crop 50 times faster. Cotton became Charleston’s major export commodity in the 19th century. The Bank of South Carolina, the second-oldest building in the nation to be constructed as a bank, was established in 1798. Charleston today is the primary medical center for the eastern portion of the state. The College of Charleston was founded in 1770 and chartered in 1785, the oldest institution of higher learning in South Carolina, the 13th oldest in the USA, and the first municipal college in the country. Other public institutions of higher education in Charleston include The Citadel, The Military College of South Carolina, and the Medical University of South Carolina. Did you know that Charleston was such a rich city?