On Sunday morning, June 15, 1986, all the Finnegans went to St. Thomas More Center at 8035 S. Quebec St., that is still going today. This Church, built in 1958, overlooks the Rockies. They even had a restaurant and a school there. We had breakfast with John and Frances Finnegan, before we set out for the Denver Zoo. The Denver Zoo Conservation Alliance is an 80-acre nonprofit zoological garden and conservation organization that was founded in 1896 with an orphaned American black bear. It became the first zoo in the United States to use naturalistic zoo enclosures rather than cages with bars. The Denver Zoological Foundation was created in 1950, the same year that the zoo acquired its first elephant. A children’s zoo was opened in 1951. The zoo opened the Feline House in 1964, a Giraffe House in 1966, and an Animal Hospital in 1969. Bird World was opened in 1975, followed by the Mountain Sheep Habitat in 1979, Northern Shores for polar bears, Arctic foxes, North American river otters, and pinnipeds in 1987, and Wolf Pack Woods in 1988. The Toyota Elephant Passage is a $50 million 10-acre exhibit. At its opening, it was the largest bull elephant habitat in the world, designed to house up to 12 elephants, 8 of them bulls. This arrangement allowed the zoo to conduct behavioral research related to the recent discovery that bull elephants form loose bachelor herds in the wild when not breeding with matriarchal herds. This exhibit houses Asian elephants and other animals such as greater one-horned rhinoceros and Malayan tapirs, which rotate among different habitats in the same style as Predator Ridge. It includes more than 2 miles of trails for the animals. Pools in the exhibit contain a total of 1,100,000 gallons. This elephant exhibit opened with two female elephants and two bull elephants. Denver’s herd is the largest Asian elephant bachelor herd in the world with five bulls. The thing that I remember most of all about these elephants is that we got to ride them. I know that Sean Crilly, myself, and my daughter Joy got to ride some of these elephants. I have pictures of us on these elephants, as a trainer walked along side us. It was real fun and these elephants were very gentle. However, back in 1990, the Denver Zoo stopped offering elephant rides anymore. Have you ever ridden on an elephant?
The Rocky Mountains
The Rocky Mountains, also known as the Rockies, are a major mountain range and the largest mountain system in North America. The Rocky Mountains stretch 3,000 miles in a straight-line distance from the northernmost part of Western Canada, to New Mexico in the Southwestern USA. The Rockies formed 55 million to 80 million years ago. At the end of the last ice age, humans began inhabiting this mountain range. After explorations of the range by Europeans, such as Sir Alexander Mackenzie, and Anglo-Americans, such as the Lewis and Clark Expedition, natural resources such as minerals and fur drove the initial economic exploitation of the mountains, although the range itself has never experienced a dense population. The Rocky Mountains within Colorado contain 53 true peaks and 58 named peaks that are 14,000 feet or higher in elevation above sea level, known as the fourteeners. These mountains are largely covered with trees such as conifers and aspens up to the tree line, at an elevation of about 12,000 feet. The Western Slope of Colorado includes the western face of the Rocky Mountains. This area includes several terrains and climates from alpine mountains to arid deserts. The Western Slope includes many ski resort towns in the Rocky Mountains and in towns west to Utah. It is less populous than the Front Range with many national parks and monuments. Most of the highest summits of the Rocky Mountains are in Colorado, with the state having an average elevation over 6,600 feet. Public parks and forest lands protect much of the mountain range. They are popular tourist destinations, especially for hiking, camping, mountaineering, fishing, hunting, mountain biking, snowmobiling, skiing, and snowboarding. The Continental Divide of the Americas is in the Rocky Mountains and designates the line at which waters flow either to the Atlantic or Pacific Oceans. Triple Divide Peak (8,020 ft) in Glacier National Park is so named because water falling on the mountain reaches not only the Atlantic and Pacific but Hudson Bay as well. Human population is not very dense in the Rockies, with an average of four people per square kilometer and few cities with over 50,000 people. However, the human population grew rapidly in the Rocky Mountain states between 1950 and 1990. This forty-year statewide increase in population ranges from 35% in Montana to about 150% in Utah and Colorado. The populations of several mountain towns and communities have doubled in the forty years 1972–2012. Jackson, Wyoming, increased 260%, from 1,244 to 4,472 residents, in those forty years. The Rocky Mountains are an important habitat for a great deal of well-known wildlife. However, the status of most species in the Rocky Mountains is unknown, due to incomplete information. The oldest rocks in the Rocky Mountains date back over 1.7 billion years ago. Have you ever been to the Rocky Mountains?
Visiting the Rocky Mountains
The next morning, Saturday, June 14, 1986, Frances was our guide as we set out to see the great Rocky Mountains. First up was Big Thompson Canyon, a tributary of the South Platte River, that flows into Lake Estes in the town of Estes Park and then through Big Thompson Canyon, with four crossings/bridges which are listed on the U.S. National Register of Historic Places. On July 31, 1976, during the celebration of Colorado’s centennial, the Big Thompson Canyon was the site of a devastating flash flood that swept down the steep and narrow canyon, claiming the lives of 143 people, the deadliest disaster in Colorado’s history. This natural-color image of the lower reaches of Big Thompson Canyon illustrates two of the three natural factors that contributed to the flood’s severity, steep terrain, and sparse vegetation. We had lunch at Estes Park before we entered Rocky Mountain National Park, a small town in Larimer County, Colorado, with a population of 5,904, headquarters for Rocky Mountain National Park. Roughly three to four million tourists visit Rocky Mountain National Park each year. We drove on the Trail Ridge Road, the highest continuous highway in the United States, that runs from Estes Park westward through Rocky Mountain National Park, reaching Grand Lake over the continental divide. In Estes Park, there is the famous Stanley Hotel built in 1909 that inspired Stephen King to write his novel The Shining. I have several postcards and brochures about our travels in the Rocky Mountain National Park. Frances showed me a place dedicated to Mother Cabrini. I always thought that she was in Chicago, but she had come out to Denver to help the Italian immigrants in Denver. We stopped in Central City, once the richest square mile in the USA. That city was the heart of gold mining in the nineteenth century. We ended our day with a nice dinner with the other Finnegans at El Racho in Evergreen, Colorado. What do you know about the Rocky Mountains?
The Finnegans in Littleton, Colorado
We were going to visit my two older first cousins, John Finnegan and Frances Finnegan, the weekend of June 12-14,1986. They lived together after their retirement in Littleton, Colorado, a suburb of Denver. Littleton is 9 miles south of downtown Denver and 55 miles north of Colorado Springs. Littleton is the county seat of Arapahoe County, part of the Denver–Metropolitan Statistical Area, with a city population of 45,652 as the 20th most populous municipality in Colorado. The median income for a household in the city is $96,611, and the median income for a family was $130,080. Richard Sullivan Little, an engineer from New Hampshire, first settled here in 1859. By 1890, the community had grown to 245 people and the residents voted to incorporate as the town of Littleton. Littleton grew significantly throughout the 1950s and 1960s due to its proximity to Denver and to the Martin Marietta facilities, which produced the Titan rocket and other aerospace products. Littleton became widely known in 1999 when the Columbine High School massacre occurred, where two of the school’s students murdered 13 students and one teacher, as well as injuring 23 others. Then they killed themselves. However, it was in Columbine High School, not one of the Littleton Public Schools, although it had a Littleton zip code. I have a picture of Frances and her brother John, at their house in Littleton, Colorado, as well as a photo of me, my daughter, Joy, John, Frances, and Sean Crilly, who was the son of my other first cousin, Kathleen Finnegan Crilly, visiting from Ireland. Sean Crilly was in the USA Air Force, since he was born in Brooklyn, NY, but his parents went back to Ireland to live. His mother, Kathleen, went to New York City to live with her aunts Margaret and Mary Finnegan in the late 1950s. Sean Crilly got married the following year and went back to Ireland, where he and his wife had three children. Kathleen Finnegan, his mother had married Patrick Crilly (1934-2001) in the Bronx, New York City in 1961. My parents were at their wedding, as my Uncle Pete gave her away, since her father had died in Ireland, before their marriage. Their three children were all born in New York, so that they were all American citizens. All Kathleen’s children and their families, however, still live in Ravensdale, County Louth, Ireland. That Friday night, we went to the Arapahoe County Springfest, the one hundred and twenty-fifth anniversary of the founding of Arapahoe County (1861-1986) in Littleton-Englewood. Do you have cousins who do not live in the USA?
The Denver Finnegans
My Uncle John Finnegan (1884-1950), one of my father’s older brothers, left Carrickmacross, Monaghan, Ireland, to work in the Montana Butte Copper Mines. He married Elizabeth McNally (1881-1964) in Anaconda, Montana, in 1916, over a hundred years ago. They had four children, my four Denver first cousins. He later moved to Denver, Colorado, where his family lived for many years on Sherman Avenue, as he worked for a railroad company. They had four children. I think that I only met my Uncle John once when I was about 3 years old living in Perth Amboy, New Jersey. He and his family came to visit my father by train during the Second World War. I think that my Uncle John looked a lot like my father. He died at the age of 66 in Denver, in 1950, but we did not go to the funeral. Their oldest son was John Finnegan (1917-1990) who never married. He was named after his father, although I do not think that he was called a junior. He served in the USA Army in China and Burma during World War II. I have a few photos of when he was there in China in his full uniform. In fact, there were two photos of the great wall of China that were taken from the air in 1945, on a flight from Shanghai to Beijing. He must have been a pilot or navigator. Afterwards, he served in the Army Corp of Engineers in Casper, Wyoming, until he retired. He went to the Colorado School of Mines, and was an engineer. I met him a few times at funerals, since he came to the funeral of my mother and my father. He died in Denver at the age of 73 in 1990, although we did not go to his funeral. Their second son, my Denver first cousin, Jerome Finnegan (1918-1972) was captured by the Germans in World War II, after the D Day invasion. After the war, he became a Benedictine priest, Father Simeon Finnegan, OSB, at the monastery of St. Benedict’s Abbey, in Atchison, Kansas. He was ordained a priest in 1954 in Kansas City, but our family did not go to the ordination. However, Father Simeon died relatively young at age 54 in 1972. I went to his funeral, since he had presided at my father’s funeral earlier that year. Frances Finnegan (1921-2014) was the only girl in this family. She was a retired English Professor from the University of Colorado, Boulder, who also never married. She and John had season tickets to the Denver Colorado Rockies baseball team when the team first joined the National League. She had done some work on the Finnegan family genealogy after she retired, and was a great note writer. Her Irish cousins always spoke highly of her and her letter writing. After John’s death, she moved into an assisted living facility in Denver. We visited her a couple of times in the last twenty years before she died in 2014 at age of 93. She left her estate of over a million dollars to her 18 first cousins on both sides of her family. I believe that she got most of this wealth from her brother when he died in 1990. She had a unique will that was in fact hard to execute. That is one of the reasons that I know so much about my first cousins on my father’s side, because there was a lot of investigation to find those nine first cousins and their descendants. Five of the nine were still living. Obviously, I was one of them, the only one living in the USA. She had visited Ireland a few times and wanted to leave some money to her Irish relatives. I ran into some people who knew her as their English teacher, Miss Finnegan. Frances was a wonderful kind proper lady. It is interesting to note that my Denver Finnegan cousins all had a college education. Their youngest son Paul Finnegan (1923-1928) died tragically in 1928, at the age of 5 in a drowning accident. Obviously, I never met him, since he died 11 years before I was born. I always assumed that I only had three Denver first cousins, until Frances told me about her deceased younger brother. Do you have cousins who do not live beside you?
Denver, Colorado
Then on Friday afternoon, June 13, 1986, we headed up to Denver to visit my first cousins. Denver is the capital and largest city of Colorado, the nineteenth most populous city in the USA with a population of 715,522. The Denver metropolitan area with over 3 million residents is also the nineteenth largest metropolitan area in the USA, as the economic and cultural center of the broader Front Range Urban Corridor. Named after James W. Denver (1817-1892), the former governor of the Kansas Territory when this city was in the western Kansas Territory, founded at the confluence of the Cherry Creek and the South Platte River in 1858 during the Gold Rush era. Nicknamed the “Mile High City” because its official elevation is exactly one mile, 5280 feet, above sea level, Denver grew beyond its prospecting origins to become the principal commercial and transportation hub of the area. As the most populous metropolitan area in a 560-mile area, Denver is a major cultural hub with a variety of museums and cultural institutions with professional sports teams in all five major leagues, the Denver Broncos in the NFL, the Colorado Rockies in the MLB, the Colorado Avalanche in the NHL, the Denver Nuggets in the NBA, and the Colorado Rapids in the MLS. On February 18, 1861, six chiefs of the Southern Cheyenne and four of the Arapaho signed the Treaty of Fort Wise with the USA, ceding more than 90% of the lands designated for them by the Fort Laramie Treaty, including the area of modern Denver. Ten days later, on February 28, 1861, the Colorado Territory was created. In 1881 Denver was chosen as the permanent state capital in a statewide ballot. Finally linked to the rest of the nation by rail, Denver prospered as a service and supply center. Soon, Denver had a growing population of immigrant German, Italian, and Chinese laborers, soon followed by African Americans from the Deep South and Hispanic workers. In 1887, the precursor to the international charity United Way was formed in Denver by local religious leaders, who raised funds and coordinated various charities to help Denver’s poor. In 1900, whites represented 97% of Denver’s population, but the African American and Hispanic populations increased with migrations of the 20th century. Denver has hosted the Democratic National Convention twice, in 1908 and 2008. In 1993, Denver hosted the Catholic Church’s 6th World Youth Day, which was attended by an estimated 500,000 people, making it the largest gathering in Colorado history. Denver has been known historically as the Queen City of the Plains and of the West, because of its important role in the agricultural industry. The Denver Boot, a car-disabling device, was first used in Denver in 1955. Denver International Airport, that opened in 1955 with 231 destinations, serves metropolitan Denver, as well as the greater Front Range Urban Corridor. At 33,531 acres, it is the largest airport in the Western Hemisphere by land area and the second largest on earth. Denver has one of the largest populations of Mexican-Americans in the entire USA, approximately one third of the city is Hispanic. Denver has also enjoyed success as a pioneer in the fast-food casual restaurant industry, with many popular national chain restaurants founded and based in Denver. In 2015, Denver ranked No. 1 on Forbes’ list of the Best Places for Business and Careers. Denver has long been a place tolerant of the LGBTQ community. Red Rocks is a Denver park and world-famous amphitheater in the foothills. In 2005, Denver became the first major USA city to vote to make the private possession of less than an ounce of marijuana legal for adults 21 and older. Have you ever been to the mile high city of Denver?
Visiting the USA Air Force Academy
On Friday morning, June 13, 1986, we visited the USA Air Force Academy, like West Point for the Army and Annapolis for the Navy. I have not been to the other two academies. The most controversial aspect of this place was its chapel. However, the accordion-like structure of its roof has become an iconic symbol of the Air Force Academy, as the Class Wall is located just below the Cadet Chapel. We walked around the grounds, but it did not seem that special. The USA Air Force Academy (USAFA) is a United States service academy immediately north of Colorado Springs, the youngest of the five service academies. Congress passed legislation in 1954 to begin the construction of the Air Force Academy. Colorado Springs beat out Alton, Illinois, and Lake Geneva, Wisconsin, for this 18,500-acre government property site. The first graduating class of 1959 established a Cadet Honor Code that was very simple, “We will not lie, steal, or cheat, nor tolerate among us anyone who does.” Many other important traditions, including the falcon as the Academy’s mascot, were established by this first graduating class. They have a series of traditions as the students move through their four years at the Air Force Academy. The class of 2020 was the first to graduate new officers into the United States Space Force. At this accredited four-year university, all graduates receive a Bachelor of Science degree, regardless of major, because of the technical content of the core requirements. All cadets at the academy take part in the school’s extensive athletic program that includes physical education, physical fitness tests, and intramural athletics for all cadets. Some are also involved with intercollegiate athletics at a Division I level in 17 men’s and 10 women’s NCAA sanctioned teams. In 1991 the wrestling team won the WAC championship, which was the first ever by any USAFA sports team. Most teams are in the Mountain West Conference. The Air Force football team has traditional service academy rivalries with Navy and Army, and a state rivalry with the Colorado State Rams football team. The boxing team, led for 31 years by Coach Ed Weichers, won 18 national championships. The Academy’s men’s and women’s rugby teams have each won multiple national championships. The track and field team has had national and international success. The makeup of the cadets today is White 63%, Hispanic 12%, Others 9%, Asians 7%, and Black 6%. In addition to the normal application process, all candidates must secure a nomination to the academy, from a Congressional USA Senator or Representative. The USA Air Force Academy Band provides all ceremonial and musical support for the cadet wing of the academy. However, there have been some sexual assault scandals, Honor Code violations, religious violations, as well as hazing violations over the past fifty years, some more serious than others. There also is a 1,300 population Air Academy High School on the military academy grounds that ranks in the top 10% in the state in academic standards. Besides that, there is also an elementary school on the academy grounds. Have you ever thought about going to college at a military university?
The state of Colorado
Colorado is a western Mountain state, sharing one of the famous Four Corners of its southern region with the states of Arizona, New Mexico, and Utah. It is also bordered by Wyoming to the north, Nebraska to the northeast, Kansas to the east, and Oklahoma to the Southeast. The Spanish adjective “Colorado” means “colored red” or “ruddy.” Colorado is the eighth-largest USA state by area, but only the twenty-first by population. These wide-open spaces mean that Colorado has diversified landscapes, encompassing most of the Southern Rocky Mountains, as well as the northeastern portion of the Colorado Plateau, the western edge of the Great Plains. In south-central Colorado is the large San Luis Valley, where the headwaters of the Rio Grande are located. The Western Mountain Slope includes multiple notable ski resorts like Aspen, Breckenridge, Vail, Crested Butte, Steamboat Springs, and Telluride. Eastern Colorado is mainly farmland and rangeland, along with small farming villages and towns. In 1848, much of the southern region of Colorado was annexed to the USA with the Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo. The Pike’s Peak Gold Rush of 1858–1862 created an influx of thousands of settlers. In 1861, the Territory of Colorado was created with the same boundaries as today, when Kansas became a state. Colorado was nicknamed the “Centennial State” because it became the 38th USA state 100 years after the signing of the USA Declaration of Independence in 1876. Denver is the capital of Colorado, the most populous city, and the center of the Front Range Urban Corridor. Colorado generally ranks as one of the top USA states for education attainment, employment, and healthcare quality. Major parts of its economy include government, defense, mining, agriculture, tourism, and manufacturing. The discovery of a major silver lode near Leadville in 1878 triggered the Colorado Silver Boom. Colorado became the first western state to host a major political convention when the Democratic Party met in Denver in 1908. In 1924, the Ku Klux Klan Colorado Realm achieved dominance in Colorado politics. By the USA census of 1930, the population of Colorado first exceeded one million residents. From the 1940s to the 1970s, many protest movements gained momentum in Denver, especially the Chicano Movement. In 1967, Colorado was the first state to loosen restrictions on abortion. Since the late 1990s, Colorado has been the site of multiple major mass shootings, including the infamous Columbine High School massacre in 1999. Four warships of the USA Navy have been named the USS Colorado. Roughly 70% of Colorado’s population resides along the eastern edge of the Rocky Mountains between Cheyenne, Wyoming, and Pueblo, Colorado, while the northwestern corner of Colorado is a sparsely populated region. John Denver wrote the song “Rocky Mountain High” in 1972, so that it became one of the two official state songs of Colorado, after the 1915 song “Where the Columbines Grow.” Most Coloradans, 60%, are native to other states. Have you ever been to Colorado?
Colorado Springs, Colorado
Colorado Springs is the most populous city in El Paso County, Colorado, and its county seat with a population of 478,961, a 15% increase since 2010, the 40th-most-populous city in the USA, about 70 miles south of Denver. Colorado Springs is the largest city north of Mexico above 6,000 feet, with the greatest total area of any municipality in Colorado, 195 square miles. The current city area was designated part of the 1854 Kansas Territory that served as the capital of the Colorado Territory from November 5, 1861, until August 14, 1862, when the capital was moved to Golden, before finally moving to Denver in 1867. In the 1870s, Colorado Springs was locally referred to as “Little London” because of the many immigrants from London. The city’s military presence began during World War II, when the USA Army Air Forces leased land adjacent to the municipal airfield, naming it Peterson Field in December, 1942. In November, 1950, Ent Air Force Base was selected as the Cold War headquarters for the Air Defense Command, North American Aerospace Defense Command (NORAD). In 1977 most of the former Ent AFB became a USA Olympic training center and USA Olympic Committee headquarters. Colorado Springs, dubbed “Olympic City USA,” is home to the USA Olympic & Paralympic Committee and the Anti-Doping Agency. The Libertarian Party was founded within this city in the 1970s. However, Colorado Springs is one of the most active lightning strike areas in the USA. The latest census indicates that Colorado Springs has about 62% white, 5% black, and 18% Hispanic. Colorado Springs’s economy is driven primarily by the military, the high-tech industry, and tourism, in that order. The military and defense contractors supply more than 40% of the Pikes Peak region’s economy. The USA Air Force Academy was established after World War II, on land donated by the City of Colorado Springs. In 2017, Colorado had the third-most craft breweries at 348. St. Mary’s Cathedral is the seat of the Roman Catholic Diocese of Colorado Springs. At one time, Colorado Springs was the national headquarters for 81 different religious organizations, earning the city the tongue-in-cheek nickname “the Evangelical Vatican.” Have you ever been to Colorado Springs, Colorado?
The Art C. Klein Construction Company in Colorado Springs
That evening in June, 1986, we spent with Margaret’s cousin and his family, Art Klein, who was not just a first cousin to Margaret, but her neighbor back in Dell Rapids, South Dakota, as they grew up together. They had a lot to share about the good old days back in SD. His wife was also from Dell Rapids, and they had all gone to the same grade school and high school. Art Klein ran a very successful construction business in Colorado Springs. He was a season ticket holder to the Denver Broncos and had gone on an African Safari. I looked up his website and I found this article about the celebration of their fifty-year-old construction company in 2022.
“This year, Art C. Klein Construction celebrates 50 years in the construction industry; building schools, car dealerships, houses of worship, municipal buildings, and fostering solid relationships up and down the Front Range. From family members involved in the day-to-day operations of the business, including son Kevin Klein who serves as President, to the managers and employees of Art C. Klein Construction’s divisions including Peak Concrete, A Cut Above The Rest, Mountain High Painting, Sun Mountain Design Group; to the partners and vendors that work alongside ACK Construction in both the residential and commercial projects, this family-owned business has left its mark. When it came time for the 50th anniversary celebration, Joan Klein said “I told everyone, my only stipulation is it had to be on August 25th. That was the day we gave notice to our other jobs and made the decision to do this fifty years ago.” The celebration, held at Prime 25 on August 25, 2022, hosted 160 guests including the Klein’s children and grandchildren, three of Art’s 13 siblings and their spouses, and the many friends, partners, and vendors in the construction industry. “Art and I (Joan) are from a farming community. We work hard and we value people. We have always focused on quality. Quality, People, Projects, Relationships. This is what is important. This was a wonderful milestone and a great night to enjoy the people who have been a part of our success.”
In 2025, this company had revenues close to $100 million and just under 100 employees, a very successful business with an A+ rating from the BBB, and a National Finalist for the 2025 Freedom Award. Last year, 2025, Art Klein was back in Dell Rapids, at St. Mary’s for the reunion of the John Klein family, with Margaret and a couple hundred of her other relatives of her grandfather. Do you have a relative who runs a multi-million-dollar business?